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Jean Jules Linden was a Belgian botanist explorer horticulturist and businessman. He specialised in orchids which he wrote a number of books about.
Jean Linden studied at the Athénée Royal in Luxembourg until 1834 and went on to the faculty of science at the Free University of Brussels. In 1835 Jean Linden put forward his name when the Belgian government invited applications from academic circles for an exploration of Latin America. As a result Jean Linden Nicolas Funck 1816–1896 and Auguste Ghiesbreght 1810–1893 left Antwerp on 25 September 1835 for Rio de Janeiro and arrived in Brazil on 27 December. They remained in Brazil collecting plants and animals returning to Belgium in March 1837. As a result of this trip Linden's lifelong preoccupation with orchids was born.
Six months later in September 1837 the same trio left Le Havre and reached Havana in December. The team explored Cuba and Mexico collecting live animals and plants until 1840. Linden suffered an acute attack of yellow fever near Laguna de Términos.
He went on several expeditions and made a detailed study of orchid growth conditions in their natural habitat. His findings revolutionised the cultivation of orchids under European conditions. Before his research orchids were being kept at temperatures far greater than their needs resulting in a high mortality rate. Following Linden's lead British botanist John Lindley also made detailed observations of the habitats where he collected plants.
In Brussels Linden was briefly the director of the Brussels zoological and botanical garden. He gradually concentrated on orchid culture using three types of conservatory with temperatures ranging from cool to warm. Under these conditions his orchids thrived. With this success he created an orchid empire that at its peak had branches in Brussels Ghent and Paris winning awards at exhibitions in London Paris and St. Petersburg. He published exceptional books on orchids and orchid-growing.
Linden married Anna Reuter in Luxembourg on 13 October 1845. His son Lucien eventually took over all his business interests and published books on orchids before and after Jean's death.
He is commemorated in Iresine lindenii Amaranthaceae Phalaenopsis lindenii Orchidaceae and Polyrrhiza lindenii also in the Orchidaceae.
Jean Linden studied at the Athénée Royal in Luxembourg until 1834 and went on to the faculty of science at the Free University of Brussels. In 1835 Jean Linden put forward his name when the Belgian government invited applications from academic circles for an exploration of Latin America. As a result Jean Linden Nicolas Funck 1816–1896 and Auguste Ghiesbreght 1810–1893 left Antwerp on 25 September 1835 for Rio de Janeiro and arrived in Brazil on 27 December. They remained in Brazil collecting plants and animals returning to Belgium in March 1837. As a result of this trip Linden's lifelong preoccupation with orchids was born.
Six months later in September 1837 the same trio left Le Havre and reached Havana in December. The team explored Cuba and Mexico collecting live animals and plants until 1840. Linden suffered an acute attack of yellow fever near Laguna de Términos.
He went on several expeditions and made a detailed study of orchid growth conditions in their natural habitat. His findings revolutionised the cultivation of orchids under European conditions. Before his research orchids were being kept at temperatures far greater than their needs resulting in a high mortality rate. Following Linden's lead British botanist John Lindley also made detailed observations of the habitats where he collected plants.
In Brussels Linden was briefly the director of the Brussels zoological and botanical garden. He gradually concentrated on orchid culture using three types of conservatory with temperatures ranging from cool to warm. Under these conditions his orchids thrived. With this success he created an orchid empire that at its peak had branches in Brussels Ghent and Paris winning awards at exhibitions in London Paris and St. Petersburg. He published exceptional books on orchids and orchid-growing.
Linden married Anna Reuter in Luxembourg on 13 October 1845. His son Lucien eventually took over all his business interests and published books on orchids before and after Jean's death.
He is commemorated in Iresine lindenii Amaranthaceae Phalaenopsis lindenii Orchidaceae and Polyrrhiza lindenii also in the Orchidaceae.
